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Possessive Nouns

What Are Possessive Nouns? (with Examples)

A possessive noun is a noun indicating ownership (or possession). Here are some examples of possessive nouns (shaded):

• a dog's bone
• a man's jacket
• a lion's mane

The examples above are obviously about possession (i.e., ownership). They refer to the bone of the dog, the jacket of the man, and the mane of the lion. However, possessive nouns are not always so obviously about possession. Look at these examples of possessive nouns:

• a book's pages
• a day's pay
• a week's worth
• the stone's throw

Sometimes, possessive nouns are clearly not about possession. Look at these examples:

• The Children's Minister
(This is a minister for children's affairs. The minister does not belong to the children.)
• Rembrandt's paintings
(These are paintings by Rembrandt. He does not own them.)

So, in order to say that possessive nouns indicate possession, you have to have a very broad definition of the word possession.

Using Apostrophes to Form Possessive Nouns

You will notice that all of the examples above end 's. However, not all possessive nouns end this way. Here are the basic rules for creating a possessive noun with an apostrophe:

Type	Example of Type	Possessive Noun	Comment
singular noun	dog	dog's dinner dog's dinners	Add 's for a singular possessor (in this case, a dog). (NB: It is irrelevant how many things are owned. So, it is irrelevant if the dog has one dinner or a hundred dinners. Only the number of possessors is important.)
plural noun	dogs	dogs' dinner dogs' dinners	Add ' for a plural possessor
singular noun ending -s	Chris	Chris' hat or Chris's hat	Add 's or ' for a singular possessor that ends –s. You have a choice.
plural noun not ending -s	People	People's rights	Add 's for a plural possessor that does not end –s.

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Possessive Nouns with Inanimate Objects

As you can see from some of the examples above (e.g., a book's pages, a day's pay), it is possible for inanimate things (e.g. a book) and even intangible things (e.g. a day) to possess objects from a grammatical perspective. However, be aware that some writers like to shy away from using the possessive form with inanimate objects. In other words, they would prefer:

• The pages of a book
• the nib of a biro.

to:

• A book's pages
• A biro's nib

This is one of those times when you can let your instinct guide you. Both versions are acceptable. Choose the one that grates less on your ears.

Also, do not forget that some nouns can be used as adjectives. So, you might not need to make a decision on whether to use of or a possessive noun. For example:

• A car door (best version)
• A door of a car (possible but awkward)
• A car's door (possible but still awkward)

Possessive Nouns in Time Expressions

Possessive nouns are common in time expressions (or temporal expressions as they're also known). For example:

• A day's salary
• Two days' salary
• Three years' insurance
• Three years' insurance

Similarly, possessive nouns are used for other measurements unrelated to time. For example:

• Five dollars' worth
• A stone's throw away